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As an Ethereum layer 2, Arbitrum has its own architecture for gas fees and how users pay for transaction inclusion on the network.

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Base Fee per Gas

On Arbitrum, the base fee per gas is determined at the block level and adjusted based on demand and network congestion. A network-level minimum exists and has evolved throughout the chain’s history. The Arbitrum DAO controls network parameters, and previous proposals have adjusted the base fee. The base fee per block should be set manually as it affects blocks at the time of creation before being produced.
  • ArbOS 51 Dia: Increased the minimum base fee from 0.01 Gwei per gas to 0.02 Gwei per gas at block 419260699.
with
-------------------- Prices --------------------
  prices as (
    select
      timestamp,
      price as eth_price
    from
      prices.minute
    where
      blockchain = 'arbitrum'
      and contract_address  = 0x82af49447d8a07e3bd95bd0d56f35241523fbab1
  ),
-------------------- Transactions --------------------
  transactions as (
    select
      block_time,
      block_number,
      block_hash,
      hash as tx_hash,
      success,
      type,
      timeboosted,
      "from" as from_address,
      "to" as to_address,
      index as tx_index,
      nonce,
      value,
      gas_limit,
      gas_used,
      gas_used / nullif(gas_limit, 0) as gas_target,
      gas_used_for_l1 as gas_used_l1,
      gas_used - gas_used_for_l1 as gas_used_l2,
      gas_price as gas_price_bid_wei,
      priority_fee_per_gas as priority_fee_per_gas_wei,
      max_fee_per_gas as max_fee_per_gas_wei,
      max_priority_fee_per_gas as max_priority_fee_per_gas_wei,
      effective_gas_price as gas_price_paid_wei,
      case
        when block_number >= 419260699 then 20000000 -- ArbOS 51 Dia
        when block_number >= 191918583 and block_number < 419260699 then 10000000
        else 100000000
      end as base_fee_per_gas_wei,
      access_list,
      authorization_list,
      data
    from
      arbitrum.transactions
  ),
-------------------- Gas Fees --------------------
  fees as (
    select
      t.block_time,
      t.block_number,
      t.block_hash,
      t.tx_hash,
      t.success,
      t.type,
      t.timeboosted,
      t.from_address,
      t.to_address,
      t.tx_index,
      t.nonce,
      t.value,

      -- Gas Usage
      t.gas_limit,
      t.gas_used,
      t.gas_target,
      t.gas_used_l1,
      t.gas_used_l2,

      -- Gas Params: Chain
      t.base_fee_per_gas_wei,
      t.max_fee_per_gas_wei,
      t.max_priority_fee_per_gas_wei,

      -- Gas Params: User
      t.gas_price_bid_wei, -- Redundant
      t.priority_fee_per_gas_wei, -- Redundant
      t.gas_price_paid_wei,

      -- Gas Fees
      t.gas_used_l1 * t.gas_price_paid_wei as l1_fee_wei,
      t.gas_used_l2 * t.gas_price_paid_wei as l2_fee_wei,
      t.gas_used_l2 * t.base_fee_per_gas_wei as l2_base_fee_wei,
      t.gas_used_l2 * (t.gas_price_paid_wei - t.base_fee_per_gas_wei) as l2_surplus_fee_wei,
      
      t.gas_used * t.gas_price_paid_wei as tx_fee_wei,
      t.gas_used * t.gas_price_paid_wei / 1e18 * p.eth_price as tx_fee_usd,
      
      t.access_list,
      t.authorization_list,
      t.data
    from
      transactions as t
      -- join blocks as b on t.block_number = b.block_number
      join prices as p on date_trunc('minute', t.block_time) = p.timestamp
  )
-------------------- Output --------------------
select
  date_trunc('hour', block_time) as date,
  
  avg(gas_used) as gas_used_avg,
  avg(gas_used_l1) as gas_used_l1_avg,
  avg(gas_used_l2) as gas_used_l2_avg,
  avg(base_fee_per_gas_wei) / 1e9 as base_fee_gwei_avg,
  avg(gas_price_paid_wei) / 1e9 as gas_price_paid_gwei_avg,

  avg(l1_fee_wei) / 1e9 as l1_fee_gwei_avg,
  avg(l2_fee_wei) / 1e9 as l2_fee_gwei_avg,
  avg(l2_base_fee_wei) / 1e9 as l2_base_fee_gwei_avg,
  avg(l2_surplus_fee_wei) / 1e9 as l2_surplus_fee_gwei_avg,
  avg(tx_fee_wei) / 1e9 as tx_fee_gwei_avg,
  avg(tx_fee_usd) as tx_fee_usd_avg
from
  fees
group by
  1
order by
  date desc